Chemistry October 5/09

Today in chemistry 11 we learned about hydrates, how to name them, molecular compounds, and how to name them.

Hydrates

-compounds that form lattices that bond to water molecules
-when there are no water compounds in a hydrate often preceded by anhydrous ex. copper sulfate
-crystals contain water inside, it can be released by heating



Naming Hydrates

-write name of the chemical formula
-add prefix indicating number of water molecules (mono, di, tri)
-add hydrate after prefix
-if something has more then one charge you can use ic at the end indicating a larger charge or ous indicating a smaller charge
Examples: cu(So4Li - 5H2O8 - cuppric sulfate pentahydrate
: Li(ClO4) - 3H2O - Lithium perchlorate trihydrate
: Nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate - Ni(SO4) - 6 H2O

You will also need to know your prefixes for naming hydrates and molecular compounds
mono - 1
di - 2
tri - 3
tetra - 4
penta -5
hexa -6
hepta -7
octa - 8
nona - 9
deca- 10

Here's a video showing you how to name hydrates



Molecular Compounds

-composed of two or more non metals
-low melting and boiling points
-share (not exchange) electrons
-usually end in gen ex. oxygen hydrogen nitrogen
-7 molecules are diatomic (they are the same element)
Ex. H2, N2, F2, O2, Cl2, Br2, I2
-2 of them are polyatomic
Ex. P4, S8

To find out more information about naming molecular compounds check out this website http://www.ehow.com/how_2386009_name-molecular-compounds.html

Examples:

Name the Following Compounds:

N2O4 - Dinitrogen tetraoxide

CS2 - Carbon disulfide

P4O10 - Tetraphosphorous decaoxide

Write the Chemical Formulas for:

Nitrogen trichloride - NCl3

Sulphur dibromide - SBr2

Dihydrogen oxide - H2O

IUPAC Names 5 important ones only

Water - H2O
Hydrogen Peroxide - H2O2
Ammonia - NH3
Glucose - C6H12O6
Sucrose - C12H22O11